Record Late Snowfall in Green Bay

April 20 Update: The final daily snowfall total for Green Bay was 9.9".

For the ICE AGERS: Some temperature context for this event:

Despite the unseasonable cold of the last few days, the month of April so far has been within 0.7° of the long-term average in Green Bay. On the other hand, the month-to-date precipitation of 3.92" is slightly under 2.5 times the average amount. The season-to-date total of 7.00" is also almost double the average.

Here are some other month-to-date temperature departures from around the rest of Wisconsin:

Oshkosh    +1.5
Wausau     -0.6
La Crosse  +1.8
Madison    +2.6
Marquette  +1.6
Milwaukee  +0.5   

These daily snowfall records for April 19 were also set:

 CITY           SNOWFALL(IN)     OLD RECORD(IN)     YEAR

GREEN BAY(NWS)     9.9               1.5            1898
APPLETON           9.4               0.5            1924...1928
WISCONSIN RAPIDS   6.0               0.5            1982
STURGEON BAY       5.0               2.0            1925...1993
OSHKOSH            4.6               0.2            1953
STEVENS POINT      4.0               T              1914...1922
WAUSAU             1.9               1.5            1898
MERRILL            0.9               0.8            1928  

The top 5 seasonal snowfall totals at Green Bay are:

RANK    SNOWFALL       YEARS
1       147.7 INCHES   1887/88
2       103.6 INCHES   1889/90
3        92.4 INCHES   2010/11 [through April 19]
4        87.7 INCHES   2008/09
5        87.4 INCHES   2007/08  

Original post:
The National Weather Service reports that today's snowfall at Green Bay, Wisconsin has set a record for so late in the season:

AS OF 9 PM THIS EVENING...8.7 INCHES OF SNOW HAD FALLEN IN GREEN BAY.

THIS IS THE GREATEST DAILY SNOWFALL EVER SO LATE IN THE SEASON.

TODAY`S SNOWFALL BRINGS THE SEASONAL TOTAL TO 91.2 INCHES...WHICH
IS THE THIRD GREATEST SEASONAL TOTAL EVER IN GREEN BAY...AND THE
MOST SINCE THE WINTER OF 1889-1890.  

This exceeds by half an inch the 8.2" which fell 4 days later in the month on April 23, 1910. Measurable snow has fallen as late as May 28, when 3" fell in 1947 at Green Bay.

Daily records were also set or tied at Milwaukee and Madison:

A RECORD SNOWFALL OF A TRACE WAS SET AT MILWAUKEE WI ON APRIL 19.
THIS TIES THE OLD RECORD OF A TRACE SET IN 1990.

A RECORD PRECIPITATION OF 1.04 INCHES WAS SET IN MADISON ON
APRIL 19.  THE PREVIOUS RECORD WAS 0.93 INCHES IN 1993.

A RECORD SNOWFALL OF 1.3 INCHES WAS SET IN MADISON ON APRIL 19.
THE PREVIOUS SNOWFALL RECORD OF 0.3 INCHES WAS SET IN 1953.  

Happy Anniversary, BP Oil Disaster!

This morning's Diane Rehm Show marked the one-year anniversary tomorrow of the BP oil spill disaster in the Gulf of Mexico (audio here). Guests were:

• Joel Achenbach: reporter, The Washington Post; writer for Achenblog; author of "A Hole at the Bottom of the Sea: The Race to Kill the BP Oil Gusher."
• Frances Beinecke: president, Natural Resources Defense Council; former member of the National Oil Spill Commission.
• Randall Luthi: president of the National Ocean Industries Association and former director of the Minerals Management Service.

Luthi repeatedly praised the beneficial effects of the disaster as a learning experience for the industry. Investigative reporter Greg Palast suggests the industry may be somewhat learning impaired:
BP's Secret Deepwater Blowout

Raleigh Tornado Rated EF-3

April 19 Update: The National Weather Service has posted a preliminary track map of the 26 tornadoes in North Carolina on April 16:
The breakdown by intensity, shown on the map, includes 5 tornadoes at EF-3, including the large storm which passed through Raleigh.


Images (click to enlarge): Map of over 240 tornado reports in the 3 days April 14-16, from New York Times; Composite radar image shows multiple severe storms covering much of central North Carolina (including path of Sanford/Raleigh tornado) on April 16, from WRAL-TV (h/t Sarah Scolnik)

Midnight Update: The New York Times reports ("Experts Busy Assessing Ferocity of Storms") that the NWS is estimating "that North Carolina was hit by 15 to 20 tornadoes on Saturday — about the average number the state had in an entire year."

The Raleigh News Observer has a review of the tornado outbreak in Tuesday's edition (Piecing together a deadly weather day) plus photo galleries with hundreds of images locally and statewide across North Carolina.

See here for an interactive map of storm damage photos in the city of Raleigh.

Original post:
A preliminary analysis posted this afternoon by the National Weather Service rates the large tornado which moved through Raleigh, NC on Saturday afternoon, April 16, at EF-3 on the revised Fujita scale:

LOCATION...SANFORD...BROADWAY...HOLLY SPRINGS AND RALEIGH IN LEE AND
WAKE COUNTIES COUNTY NORTH CAROLINA
DATE...APRIL 16, 2011
ESTIMATED TIME...253 PM EDT
MAXIMUM EF-SCALE RATING...EF3
ESTIMATED MAXIMUM WIND SPEED...160 MPH
MAXIMUM PATH WIDTH....0.3 MILES
MILES PATH LENGTH...APPROXIMATELY 63 MILES
BEGINNING LAT/LON...35.34N / 79.31W
ENDING LAT/LON...35.93N / 78.46W
* FATALITIES...5
* INJURIES...TOTAL NUMBER UNKNOWN 

At its peak,

CONTINUING NORTHEAST ALONG CAMERON DRIVE...THE UPPER FLOOR WAS
BLOWN OFF TWO APARTMENT BUILDINGS. THE TORNADO THEN ENTERED AN
INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX ALONG INDUSTRIAL DR WHERE IT MULTIPLE STEEL
CONSTRUCTED RETAIL BUILDINGS WERE DESTROYED IN ADDITION TO AT
LEAST THREE LARGE WAREHOUSES AT THE STATIC CONTROL FACILITY. WINDS
IN THIS AREA LIKELY EXCEEDED 160 MPH. THE TORNADO THEN DESTROYED
THE TRACTOR SUPPLY COMPANY... BIG LOTS... AND LOWES HOME
IMPROVEMENT STORE ALONG HIGHWAY 421. WINDS IN THIS AREA WERE
ESTIMATED AROUND 140 MPH. TWO HOMES WERE BLOWN OFF THEIR
FOUNDATIONS ALONG RICE RD NORTH OF HIGHWAY 42. A FATALITY OCCURRED
ALONG POPLAR SPRING CHURCH ROAD IN A MOBILE HOME. THE TORNADO
CONTINUED NORTHEAST ALONG AVENT FERRY ROAD CROSSING INTO CHATHAM
COUNTY JUST EAST OF HARRIS LAKE. 

The Weather Channel's Jim Cantore twitches that this may have been the largest tornado outbreak in North Carolina history.

Minneapolis Snowfall Update: Fourth Highest Total

April 20 Update: Today's 1.3" brings the Minneapolis seasonal snowfall total to 86.6". This is still the 4th highest seasonal total. The spring total to date (since March 1) of 10.1" is 24% below the long-term average.

Image (click to enlarge): Minnesota/Wisconsin 24-hour snowfall ending at 9 am CDT, April 20, from National Weather Service

Original post:
Yesterday's 0.6" of snow at Minneapolis brought the 2010-2011 snowfall total to 85.3". That was just enough to edge past 1916-1917 into 4th place. An additional 3.7" would be necessary to exceed the 3rd highest season of 1950-1951. Although measurable snow as late as May is hardly unheard-of in Minneapolis, time is running out on the chances for further record setting. The top 10 May snowfall totals are:

                 3.0...1892/1935/1946  
                 2.4...1954         
                 2.0...1915
                 1.8...1909
                 1.2...1976
                 1.0...1885/1888
                 0.8...1907
                 0.5...1923/24
                 0.3...1967/91
                 0.2...1929/47/71  

For previous posts on Minneapolis snowfall, see:

• Minneapolis Snowfall Update: Second Snowiest Winter (December-February) on Record
• Minneapolis Snowfall Update: Sixth Fifth Snowiest Season

Momma Nature to Forecast: You're Busted! Record Heat in Mid Atlantic

Image (click to enlarge): Surface temperatures at 4 pm EDT, April 4, 2011, from Unisys

Forecasts of highs in the mid 70s for the Washington, DC area were waaay too conservative today. Readings soared into the mid 80s as the preliminary high at Washington National reached 85°. This tied the 1956 record for the date. At Washington Dulles, where records began in 1962, the 84° high easily smashed the old record of 81° originally set in 1981 and tied in 1999. The Baltimore high of 86° also exceeded the old record by 3°. The previous record of 83° was set in 1892 and matched in 1956.

Other records set or tied (old record and date in parentheses):

Norfolk VA     86 (tied, 1963)
Richmond VA    87 (86, 1956)
Bluefield WV   81 (79, 1985)
Georgetown DE  81 (tied, 1963)
Beckley WV     80 (78, 1986) 
Elkins WV      83 (81, 1981)    

Early Spring Heat Records March On; Outnumber Cold Records by Over 5 to 1

For related record temperature posts, see:

• Record Heat
• Record Cold

There will probably be a few stragglers yet to report, but the National Climatic Data Center figures show that daily high temperature records in the U.S. during March were over 5 times as numerous as low temperature records. The ratio of 5.30 to 1 exceeded even the massive 5.22 last September and was the highest since 6.07 in April 2010.

Every month in the last 13, except December, has now had more heat records than cold records. The cumulative ratio since January 2010 is 2.07. Thanks to the near-parity of records in January and February, the ratio for 2011 to date is only 1.47, but that is well ahead of the pace through the first quarter of last year.

Preliminary data through March 30 from NOAA show that the month was above average over much of the U.S., with the exception of the Pacific Northwest and the Northern Plains.

Images (click to enlarge):

• Monthly total number of daily high temperature, low temperature, and high minimum temperature records set in the U.S. for October 2010 through March 2011, data from NOAA National Climatic Data Center, background image © Kevin Ambrose (www.weatherbook.com). Includes historical daily observations archived in NCDC's Cooperative Summary of the Day data set and preliminary reports from Cooperative Observers and First Order National Weather Service stations. All stations have a Period of Record of at least 30 years.
• Cumulative excess of heat records vs. cold records by month for 2010 and 2011 to date, data source as above
• Preliminary March 2011 monthly temperature departure from climatological average from NOAA/NCEP via ESRL

Near-Record April Fool's Snowfall Forecast Update: Bangor Sets Record

Images (click to enlarge): Snowfall forecast for April 1 from The Weather Channel; Daily snowfall ending 8 am EDT, April 2, from National Weather Service/NOAA

April 2 Update: The final total of 14.4" at Bangor exceeded the April daily record (see list below) by 4". Other updated totals:

Gray ME     10.3"
Caribou ME   7.5"  

The Lewiston Sun-Journal reported these additional amounts:

Hope     13.5"
Raymond  11"
Oxford   11"
Lewiston 10.3"
Turner    9"
Auburn    8"    

6 PM Update: The preliminary snowfall total of 10.5" at Bangor exceeds the daily record of 8.5" in 1993 and is also a new all-time daily record for April; the old record was 10.4" on 4/13/1962.

Other daily totals:

Concord NH      4.9"           
Portland ME     5.9"
Gray ME         9.6"
Caribou ME      1.3"
Hartford CT     1.3"          
Boston MA       0.9"     
Worcester MA    3.8"      

April 1, 1 PM update: Snowfall amounts appear to be on track with the forecast in Maine and New Hampshire, with 6"-8" reported by late morning. The National Weather Service reports:

STORM TOTAL SNOW AMOUNTS STILL LOOK ON TRACK TO REACH FORECAST  
LEVELS. REPORTS SO FAR HAVE INDICATED 6 TO 8 INCHES HAS FALLEN IN  
SOUTHEAST NEW HAMPSHIRE AND SOUTHWEST MAINE. LOCATIONS ALONG THE  
MIDCOAST AND FROM LEWISTON TO AUGUSTA MAY BE THE BIG WINNERS FROM  
THIS STORM AS HEAVY SNOW CONTINUES FOR ANOTHER COUPLE OF HOURS  
THERE. TOTAL AMOUNTS IN EXCESS OF 12 INCHES ARE POSSIBLE.  
  
BIGGEST THREAT FROM THIS HEAVY WET SNOW IS THE SLUSHY ACCUMULATION  
ON ROADWAYS THAT IS VERY SLICK FOR DRIVING. HAVE HAD REPORTS OF  
MANY ACCIDENTS THIS MORNING. ALSO HAVE SEEN ACCUMULATIONS ON TREES  
LEADING TO LIMBS SNAPPING AND CAUSING POWER OUTAGES. 

Original post:
With widespread snowfall amounts of 8"-12" forecast for interior northern New England, some April snow records may be exceeded. Here are some top 10 April 1-day snowfalls for New Hampshire and Maine from NOAA:

Concord NH
Years: 1903-2011
Rank  Value  Ending Date
  1    15.0  4/13/1933
  2    13.3  4/6/1982
  3     8.6  4/10/1996
  4     8.4  4/4/2003
  5     8.3  4/8/1931
  6     6.8  4/8/1956
  7     6.6  4/12/1918
  8     6.2  4/9/1907
  9     5.7  4/1/1993
 10     5.6  4/7/1971

Berlin NH
Years: 1886-2011
Rank  Value  Ending Date
  1    14.0  4/13/1933
  2    13.0  4/4/1975
  3    11.0  4/7/1982
  4    10.0  4/29/1987
  5     9.0  4/5/2007, 4/2/1987
  7     8.5  4/1/1922
  8     8.0  4/28/2010, 4/11/1996, 4/10/1974

Portland ME
Years: 1871-2011
Rank  Value  Ending Date
  1    15.0  4/10/1906
  2    14.0  4/6/1982
  3    12.5  4/2/1887
  4    11.4  4/13/1933
  5    11.1  4/1/1922
  6    10.6  4/1/1993
  7     8.7  4/7/1971
  8     8.0  4/16/1904
  9     7.6  4/2/1924
 10     7.5  4/19/1925

Augusta ME
Years: 1948-2009
Rank  Value  Ending Date
  1    10.7  4/10/1996
  2     9.0  4/6/1982, 4/3/1975
  4     6.7  4/16/1988
  5     6.6  4/1/1985, 4/13/1972
  7     6.2  4/29/1958, 4/9/1957
  9     6.0  4/25/1962, 4/13/1962

Bangor ME
Years: 1926-2011
Rank  Value  Ending Date
  1    10.4  4/13/1962
  2    10.0  4/3/1975
  3     9.4  4/7/1982
  4     9.0  4/5/2007
  5     8.5  4/1/1993
  6     8.3  4/9/1957
  7     7.4  4/3/1964
  8     6.2  4/1/1985
  9     6.0  4/4/2007, 4/9/1938

Caribou ME
Years: 1939-2011
Rank  Value  Ending Date
  1    21.1  4/7/1982
  2    10.3  4/13/2007
  3     9.9  4/5/2007
  4     9.6  4/5/1973
  5     8.2  4/2/1970
  6     7.6  4/10/1973
  7     7.4  4/10/1996
  8     7.2  4/11/1961
  9     7.0  4/11/1990
 10     6.4  4/18/1953