Record Low Mid-Atmospheric Pressure Predicted for Midwest Blizzard

The maximum intensity for the developing Midwest blizzard is nearly 2 days away, but a major forecast model is predicting mid-atmospheric pressures at least as low as any observed during February in the region since systematic upper-air observations began in 1948. Based on data from this morning, the NOAA/NCEP GFS model is predicting super-low pressures by Tuesday morning near the middle of the atmosphere above the storm. The map above shows the predicted height (meters) of the level at which the pressure is 500 mb, or roughly half the value at the surface. The small circle near the Missouri-Arkansas border is labeled 528, or 5280 meters (approximately 3 miles). The values inside the circle would be even lower. According to historical data from NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory, the 500 mb height has never been as low as 5280 meters in that region since 1948. Here is a list of the top 10 lowest observations in February at latitude 35 N, longitude 90 W:

Date       Meters
1991,2,15, 5287
1964,2,19, 5314
1978,2,21, 5318
1984,2,28, 5323
1965,2,25, 5334
1970,2, 3, 5345
1971,2, 9, 5357
2010,2,15, 5357
1958,2, 2, 5361
1984,2, 5, 5361 

Looked at another way, the composite forecast from an ensemble of GFS forecast runs made from last night's data indicates that the 500 mb height departure from the long-term average will be as much as 5 standard deviations by Monday night (chart to the right, click to enlarge). For a purely randomly distributed event, a negative departure from average of 4.5 standard deviations would occur only 3 times in a million.

Data Review Reveals Midwest Cyclone Missed All-Time Record by 0.01"

A review of the observations from Tuesday's intense cyclone and historical records by the National Weather Service (NWS) and National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) has determined that the current storm's low pressure missed the all-time Continental U.S. record by the smallest possible margin, 0.01". The 28.20" altimeter setting reported at Bigfork, Minnesota (station ID KFOZ) has been corrected to 28.21" (955.2 mb), based on a more accurate adjustment of the raw observed station pressure to sea level. The more precise calculation takes into account the actual observed temperature, as opposed to an assumed U.S. standard atmosphere.

Also, NCDC has found 2 verified observations at 28.20" (955.0 mb):

     13 January 1913 at Canton, New York
      7 March 1932   at Block Island, Rhode Island 

(Note, however, that Block Island is located a little more than 10 miles off the coast of Rhode Island, so it doesn't strictly meet the definition of mainland Continental U.S.)

On the other hand, a lower reported reading of 951.6 millibars at Bridgehampton, NY on March 3, 1914 cannot be confirmed by the NCDC (although that, too, is technically not a mainland reading, since it's on Long Island).

The current storm is clearly the record-holder for lowest pressure in an extratropical storm away from the Atlantic or Pacific coasts. The previous record was held by the Great Lakes storm of January 26, 1978. That storm had a reading of 956.0 mb at Mount Clemens, Michigan, which exceeded the frequently-reported 957.7 at Cleveland. According to the NWS, "The January 26, 1978 storm later went on to produce lower sea level pressure readings in Ontario, Canada, including a 955.5 millibar reading at Sarnia."

The report goes on to cite record lower pressures elsewhere in the U.S.:

• For a tropical cyclone: "The lowest sea level pressure recorded at any United States certified observing station was 892 millibars (26.34"), recorded at Matecumbe Key, Florida on September 2, 1935 in the 'Labor Day Hurricane'."
• Beyond the Continental U.S.: "The lowest sea level pressure recorded in a non-tropical (extratropical) storm at any United States certified observing station was 927 millibars (27.35"), recorded at Dutch Harbor, Alaska on October 25, 1977."

Image (click to enlarge): Minimum sea level pressure reported October 25-26, 2010; annotations indicate location of observations; from NWS

Battle of the Bombs: Northwest Contests Record Storm Claim

October 29 Update: The status of the pressure record has been updated as a result of further review.

Original post:
University of Washington meteorologist Cliff Mass (h/t to American Meteorological Society's Front Page blog) is disputing claims that yesterday's storm was the most intense non-tropical system over the continental U.S. He points out that some storms in the past over the Pacific Northwest have had stronger winds, because they had stronger pressure gradients (rate of change of pressure with distance):

There has been a lot of media attention regarding the storm in the Midwest with claims it was the strongest (lowest pressure) non-tropical storm in U.S history. DON'T BELIEVE IT FOR A MOMENT. This is classic eastern U.S. media myopia....we have had the deepest and most violent storms!

He doesn't provide evidence of lower barometric pressures than yesterday's storm over land, however. Dr. Jeff Masters points out at Weather Underground:

The modern Pacific Coast record is 28.40" (962mb) at Quillayute, Washington on Dec. 1, 1987. An older reading, taken on a ship offshore from the mouth of the Umpqua River in Oregon during the famous "Storm King" event on January 9, 1880, is tied with yesterday's 28.20" (955 mb.)

The lowest non-hurricane barometric pressure reading in the lower 48 states is 28.10" (952 mb) measured at Bridgehampton, New York (Long Island) during an amazing nor'easter on March 1, 1914 (see Kocin and Uccellini, "Northeast Snowstorms; Vol. 2., p. 324, American Meteorological Society, 2004.) The lowest non-hurricane barometric pressure reading from anywhere in the United States was a 27.35" (927 mb) reading at Dutch Harbor, Alaska on Oct. 25, 1977. The lowest hurricane pressure reading was the 26.34" (892 mb) recorded in 1935 during the Great Labor Day Hurricane.

All-Time Low Pressure Record Update

October 29 Update: The status of the pressure record has been updated as a result of further review.

10 PM Update: The National Weather Service reports that La Crosse, Wisconsin set an all-time low pressure record:

AT 553 AM ON OCTOBER 26TH...THE BAROMETRIC PRESSURE FELL TO   
971.4 MILLIBARS /28.685 INCHES OF MERCURY/. THIS JUST BARELY BEAT   
THE PREVIOUS RECORD OF 971.6 MILLIBARS /28.691 INCHES OF MERCURY/   
ON NOVEMBER 10 1998.  THE TABLE BELOW CONTAINS THE FIVE LOWEST   
BAROMETRIC PRESSURES AT LA CROSSE WI SINCE 1933.  
  
              LOWEST BAROMETRIC PRESSURE READINGS  
                       AT LA CROSSE WI  
                       1933 TO PRESENT    
  
                           SEA LEVEL  
            SEA LEVEL      PRESSURE  
            PRESSURE       IN INCHES  
  RANK    IN MILLIBARS     OF MERCURY     DATE      TIME  
  ----    ------------     ----------     ----      ----  
    1        971.4          28.685     10/26/2010  553 AM  
    2        971.6          28.691     11/10/1998  150 PM  
    3        971.9          28.700     04/03/1982  900 AM  
    4        973.6          28.750     11/11/1940  700 PM +  
    5        973.8          28.756     01/11/1975  500 AM  
  
   + ARMISTICE DAY STORM   

It was the second-lowest pressure ever recorded at Wausau, Wisconsin, and the fourth-lowest at Green Bay:

...2ND LOWEST PRESSURE EVER RECORDED IN WAUSAU TODAY...
...LOWEST OCTOBER PRESSURE ON RECORD AT WAUSAU TODAY...

AN INTENSE AUTUMN STORM DROPPED THE PRESSURE TO 28.65 INCHES
AT 805 AM THIS MORNING AT WAUSAU. THIS IS THE 2ND LOWEST PRESSURE
EVER RECORDED IN WAUSAU AND IS THE LOWEST PRESSURE ON RECORD FOR
THE MONTH OF OCTOBER. PRESSURE RECORDS HAVE BEEN KEPT IN WAUSAU
SINCE 1950.

HERE ARE SOME OF THE LOWEST OCTOBER PRESSURE READINGS AT WAUSAU.

RANK       PRESSURE      DATE / YEAR
-----------------------------------------------------------
  1          28.65        26    2010
  2          28.93        30    1996
  3          29.05        19    2007
  4          29.10        18    2007

HERE IS A LIST OF THE LOWEST PRESSURE READINGS EVER RECORDED
AT WAUSAU.

RANK       PRESSURE    DATE    YEAR
------------------------------------------------------------
 1          28.58     APR 03   1982
 2          28.65     OCT 26   2010
 3          28.67     JAN 11   1975
 4          28.69     NOV 10   1969
 5          28.77     NOV 11   1998
 6          28.88     MAR 02   2007

NOTE: PRESSURE RECORDS BEGAN IN 1950. 

...4TH LOWEST PRESSURE EVER RECORDED IN GREEN BAY TODAY...
...2ND LOWEST OCTOBER PRESSURE ON RECORD AT GREEN BAY TODAY...

AN INTENSE AUTUMN STORM DROPPED THE PRESSURE TO 28.78 INCHES
AT 824 AM THIS MORNING IN GREEN BAY. THIS IS THE 4TH LOWEST
PRESSURE EVER RECORDED IN THE CITY AND 2ND LOWEST OCTOBER
PRESSURE ON RECORD.

HERE ARE SOME OF THE LOWEST OCTOBER PRESSURE READINGS AT
GREEN BAY.

RANK              PRESSURE     DATE / YEAR
-----------------------------------------------------------
 1                28.76         19    1937
 2                28.78         26    2010
 3                28.95         30    1996
 4                29.05         19    2007
 5                29.11         27    1995

HERE IS A LIST OF THE LOWEST PRESSURE READINGS AT GREEN BAY.

RANK              PRESSURE    DATE    YEAR
-----------------------------------------------------------
  1               28.45       APR  3  1982
  2               28.69       DEC 14  1920
  3               28.76       OCT 19  1937
  4               28.78       OCT 26  2010
  5T              28.80       FEB 11  1932

  5T              28.80       NOV 10  1940
  5T              28.80       JAN 11  1975
  8               28.88       NOV 10  1998
  9T              28.89       NOV 19  1957
  9T              28.89       NOV 11  1998

NOTE: PRESSURE DATA BEFORE 1949 WAS TAKEN FROM AVAILABLE SOURCES.
NOT ALL MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM PRESSURE EVENTS MAY HAVE BEEN DOCUMENTED
BEFORE 1949.

12 PM Update: The Minnesota State Climatology Office reports:

On October 26, a large storm system dominated the continental United States. This is one of the strongest non-tropical storms on record for lowest minimum pressure in the United States. The lowest pressure found so far with the October 26 storm was 28.20 inches at 5:13pm at Bigfork in Itasca County. This shatters the old Minnesota lowest pressure record of 28.43 that was set in the November 10, 1998 storm at both Austin and Albert Lea. The strongest Great Lakes area storm in terms of pressure was the "Great Ohio Blizzard" of Janaury 26, 1978. The pressure minimum of this storm was 28.05, which was likely measured in southern Ontario. Thus, it appears that the minumum pressure of 28.20 inches measured at Bigfork is the new record low pressure for a non-tropical strom in the Continental US (excluding tornadoes).

This storm rapidly intensified over the course of 24 hours. Aided by a strong jet stream, a strong low pressure system became better organized over central South Dakota on October 25. The low moved to the northeast and by noon on October 26, the center was over Hibbing. High Wind Warnings were posted from southeast Montana to Ohio. A Blizzard Warning covered a good chunk of North Dakota. Winds were gusting up to 59 mph near Hanley Falls at 1:15pm on the 26h.

To illustrate how strong of a storm this is, 28.20 inches is equivalent to a Category 3 Hurricane. The lowest pressure for the storm that sank the Edmund Fitzgerald on November 10, 1975 was 28.95 inches. Even with the Armistice Day storm, the lowest pressure recorded was 28.55 inches. Of course, pressure is only one measurement of a storm.

During the evening hours of October 26, snow became mixed with the rain over northern Minnesota, by daybreak on October 27, a white blanket of snow covered parts of northern Minnesota. The heaviest snow total found so far was near Twig in St. Loius County with 9 inches. The Duluth National Weather Service Office measured 7.4 inches. Not only snow, but heavy rains fell as well with this storm with 3.92 inches reported in three days at Wolf Ridge in Lake County.

Original post:
The National Weather Service issued a statement this morning on the all-time low pressure records set yesterday by the very intense storm centered in Minnesota. Note that the new Minnesota record, if confirmed, is almost 8 millibars lower than the old record. The usual spacing between isobars on a weather map is 4 mb.

THIS IS A PRELIMINARY STATEMENT ON THESE PRESSURE RECORDS. HERE IS   
WHAT WE KNOW SO FAR ABOUT THE LOW PRESSURE RECORDS SET ON OCTOBER   
26TH:  
  
AN UNUSUALLY INTENSE LOW AFFECTED THE STATE OF MINNESOTA. AT 513 PM   
CDT...THE AUTOMATED WEATHER OBSERVING SYSTEM AT BIGFORK MINNESOTA   
RECORDED A 954.96 MILLIBAR /28.20 INCHES/ PRESSURE. THIS BREAKS THE   
ALL TIME MINNESOTA STATE RECORD FOR THE LOWEST OBSERVED PRESSURE.  
  
THE PREVIOUS RECORD WAS 962.6 MB SET ON NOVEMBER 10 1998 AT ALBERT   
LEA AND AUSTIN IN SOUTHERN MINNESOTA. THE RECORD WAS INITIALLY   
BROKEN SHORTLY AFTER 10 AM AS THE LOW PASSED BY AITKIN MINNESOTA.   
HOWEVER...THE LOW CONTINUED TO INTENSIFY INTO THE AFTERNOON.  
   
DULUTH  
THE LOW PRESSURE RECORD AT DULUTH WAS SET AT 1113 AM   
WITH A PRESSURE OF 960.72 MILLIBARS /28.37 INCHES/. THE PREVIOUS   
RECORD WAS 964.3 MILLIBARS WHICH OCCURRED ON NOVEMBER 10 1998.  
   
INTERNATIONAL FALLS  
THE LOW PRESSURE RECORD AT INTERNATIONAL   
FALLS WAS SET AT 345 PM WITH A PRESSURE OF 955.98 MILLIBARS /28.23   
INCHES/. THE PREVIOUS RECORD WAS 971.9 MILLIBARS ON OCTOBER 10 1949.  
   
WISCONSIN  
THE LOW PRESSURE RECORD FOR THE STATE OF WISCONSIN WAS   
SET IN SUPERIOR AT 1115 AM WITH A PRESSURE OF 961.06 MILLIBARS   
/28.38 INCHES/. THE PREVIOUS RECORD WAS 963.4 MILLIBARS WHICH   
OCCURRED AT GREEN BAY ON APRIL 3 1982. 

Image (click to enlarge): Surface weather map at 4 pm CDT, October 26, approximately 1 hour before the all-time record low barometric pressure observation

Update: Record Extended to Entire Mainland U.S.; All-Time Record Low Pressure in Minnesota and Wisconsin

October 29 Update: The status of the pressure record has been updated as a result of further review.

8:30 PM CDT Update: The St. Cloud daily record precipitation has increased to 1.42".

The Illinois State Climatologist quotes the National Weather Service:

New record set today for the lowest pressure in a non-tropical storm in the mainland U.S. The massive storm system barreling across the central U.S. had a minimum central pressure of 28.24″ or 956 mb (equivalent to the minimum pressure of a Category 3 hurricane). This breaks the old record of 28.28″ (958 mb), set on Jan. 26, 1978, during the Blizzard of 1978 (aka the Cleveland Superbomb). This is also lower than the March 1993 Superstorm (aka “The Storm of the Century”), or the “Witch of November” storm that sank the Edmund Fitzgerald in 1975, or even the Columbus Day Storm of Oct. 1962.

Note that the Big Fork report apparently exceeded that reading by an additional 0.04".

5:40 PM CDT Update: Big Fork and Orr appear to have bottomed out with slight rises back to 28.22" shortly after 5:30.

St. Cloud has set a rainfall record for the second consecutive day. The 1.38" today broke the old record of 1.33" set in 1941.

5:15 PM CDT Update: Big Fork forges onward to a new low of 28.20".

4:40 PM CDT Update: Although the storm is centered in Minnesota, it's strong enough to break the all-time record in the neighboring state of Wisconsin, as well. The National Weather Service reported earlier this afternoon that the low pressure of 28.38" (961.1 mb) at Superior broke the previous record of 28.45" at Green Bay on April 3, 1982.

4:30 PM CDT Update: The Weather Channel is twitching that the Orr reading is the "Record lowest U.S. land-based pressure! . . . [B]esting the record from 'Superbomb of Jan '78'!" Presumably, this means the lowest reading from a non-tropical storm. Meanwhile, Big Fork has slightly surpassed that with a pressure of 28.21" at 4:13 pm.

4 PM CDT Update: The image (click to enlarge) shows the surface weather map at 1 pm CDT this afternoon, as barometric pressures approached new all-time record lows in Minnesota. The central pressure of the intense storm is shown as 957 mb (28.26").

3:45 PM CDT Update: Big Fork and Orr are tied at 28.22".

Bloomberg reports that the strong winds from the storm have "knocked out power to thousands in Illinois, Indiana and Michigan and forced the cancellation of hundreds of flights at Chicago airports."

3:15 PM CDT Update: The drop continues: Big Fork 28.22", Orr 28.23".

3 PM CDT Update: Orr and Big Fork are both down another notch to 28.24".

2:15 PM CDT Update: Grand Rapids has tied Orr at 28.27", but Orr has come in with a late report of 28.25" at 1:54.

2 PM CDT Update: The latest hourly readings show 5 official stations all at 28.28": Big Fork, Cook, Eveleth, Grand Rapids, Hibbing.

1:40 PM CDT Update: Orr has continued to fall, now at 28.27"; Eveleth at 28.28"; Cook, Hibbing, and Grand Rapids all at 28.29".

1:30 PM CDT Update: Orr has now tied the 28.29" reading as of 1:14.

The storm also brought record daily rainfall yesterday to Minneapolis. The 0.67" exceeded the old record of 0.62" in 1875. St. Cloud's 0.61" also broke the daily record of 0.50" set in 1956.

1 PM CDT Update: As of 1 pm local time, Eveleth was reporting a new low of 28.29" with pressure still falling. Other new lows included:

HIBBING      28.30
GRAND RAPIDS 28.32
COOK         28.33
LONGVILLE    28.33
ELY          28.35
ORR          28.35
AITKEN       28.35
MCGREGOR     28.35  

Original Post:
As predicted yesterday, a strong storm has intensified rapidly over Minnesota, bringing with it an unofficial all-time record low pressure for the state. At noon CDT, Longville in north-central Minnesota was reporting a barometric reading of 28.36" (960.4 mb), and the pressure was continuing to fall. Hibbing also recorded the same reading. According to the National Weather Service, the previous record low pressure for the state was 28.43" (962.8 mb) in 1998.

Other stations reporting pressures below 28.50" include:

BEMIDJI           28.41
THIEF RIVER FALLS 28.49
FOSSTON           28.45
PARK RAPIDS       28.45
BAUDETTE          28.47
INTL FALLS        28.46
BIG FORK          28.42
GRAND RAPIDS      28.38
COOK              28.41
DULUTH            28.39
ELY               28.41
GRAND MARAIS      28.49
AITKIN            28.38
PINE RIVER        28.44
BRAINERD          28.42
STAPLES           28.48
LITTLE FALLS      28.49
MORA              28.49
MOOSE LAKE        28.38
HINCKLEY          28.45
CLOQUET           28.39  

It appears that at least 10 of these locations broke the old record.

Fall Freeze-Free Excess Extended; Minneapolis at 19 Days Beyond Average First Frost, Record Low Pressure Possible

Following a low temperature of 36° on Friday, Minneapolis has extended its string of days without frost to 19 days past the average date of the first 32° temperature. Lows on Saturday, Sunday, and this morning were 52°, 53°, and 52°, respectively. Following the passage of a strong storm, temperatures will drop by midweek, with lows of 34° predicted for Wednesday and Thursday. The expected low of 31° on Friday would make this the 9th latest first freeze, tied with 1963.

The 0.01" of rainfall on Saturday ended the 27-day dry spell, the 8th longest in Minneapolis records.

The National Weather Service (NWS) notes that the approaching storm is similar to the one on Nov. 10, 1998, which brought the record lowest pressure reading for the state of Minnesota, 962.8 mb. The forecast map from this morning's GFS model shows a low pressure area centered over Minnesota early Tuesday afternoon with a minimum pressure of less than 960 mb. The NWS forecast discussion points out that this would be 5 to 6 standard deviations below the average. The winds associated with this storm are expected to be 30-40 mph with gusts to near 60 mph.

Images (click to enlarge): Forecast low temperatures for central Minnesota on Friday, October 29, 2010, from National Weather Service; GFS model 30-hour forecast for 1 PM CDT, October 26, 2010, from NCEP/NWS/NOAA

Strong Pacific Coast Storm Breaks Rainfall, Low Pressure Records

Image (click to enlarge): 24-hour precipitation ending 4 am PST, January 21, from National Weather Service

January 26 Update: Additional record reports are listed below.

Low pressure records:

Location         Date    Pressure      Previous Date
Reno NV          Jan. 22 28.91"/979 mb 29.00"   Jan. 27, 1916
Fresno CA        Jan. 21 28.94"/980 mb 29.10"   Jan. 27, 1916
Bakersfield CA   Jan. 21 28.94"/980 mb 29.24"   Feb. 3, 1998
Las Vegas NV     Jan. 21 29.03"/983 mb 29.17"   Dec. 1949
Phoenix AZ       Jan. 21 29.20"/989 mb 29.30"   Dec. 13, 1984
Yuma AZ          Jan. 21 29.12"/986 mb
Imperial CA      Jan. 21 29.04"/983 mb
Blythe CA        Jan. 21 29.02"/983 mb  

Daily rainfall records:

Location         Date    Amount Previous Date
Santa Maria CA   Jan. 21 0.94"  0.53"    1964
Lancaster CA     Jan. 21 1.19"  0.55"    1969
Palmdale CA      Jan. 21 0.84"  0.72"    1969
Barstow CA       Jan. 21 0.65"  0.20"    1996
Needles CA       Jan. 21 1.66"  0.14"    1991
Las Vegas NV     Jan. 21 0.89"  0.40"    1939
Palm Springs CA  Jan. 21 1.69"  0.62"    1982
Riverside CA     Jan. 21 1.35"  1.04"    1939
Ramona CA        Jan. 21 2.32"  2.08"    1982
Thermal CA       Jan. 21 1.15"  0.07"    1982
Ontario CA       Jan. 22 1.20"  1.10"    1969
Riverside CA     Jan. 22 1.32"  1.10"    1943
Thermal CA       Jan. 22 0.25"  0.14"    1964
Campo CA         Jan. 22 1.01"  0.98"    1996 
Phoenix AZ       Jan. 19 0.87"  0.83"    1917 

• Downtown Reno records began in 1870; observations moved to the airport in 1931.
• Fresno records began in 1888, Bakersfield in 1939.
• The Las Vegas pressure record supersedes the earlier report. The Las Vegas precipitation is a new all-time January daily record (previous 0.81", Jan. 3, 2005). This month is now the 6th wettest January.
• January is the 3rd wettest in Needles.

Original post:
An intense storm moving into the West Coast from the Pacific has brought all-time record low pressure and daily record rainfall to parts of California and Oregon, as well as inland into Arizona and Nevada.

Low pressure records:

Location         Date    Pressure      Previous Date
Medford OR       Jan. 20 28.88"/978 mb 28.93"   Dec. 12, 1995
Eureka CA        Jan. 20 28.90"/979 mb 28.91"   Feb. 1891
Los Angeles CA   Jan. 21 29.20"/989 mb 29.25"   Jan. 17, 1988
Las Vegas NV     Jan. 21 29.13"/986 mb 29.17"   Dec. 1949
San Diego CA     Jan. 21 29.15"/987 mb 29.37"   Mar. 3, 1983 

Note: The pressure at Los Angeles continued to fall, reaching 29.07"/985 mb at 1 pm PST today.

Daily rainfall records:

Location         Date    Amount Previous Date
San Francisco CA Jan. 19 1.55"     1.55" 1962
Modesto CA       Jan. 19 0.93"     0.75" 1933
Long Beach CA    Jan. 19 1.43"     1.39" 1969
Burbank CA       Jan. 18 1.55"     1.44" 1993
Las Vegas NV     Jan. 19 0.49"     0.42" 1954
Needles CA       Jan. 19 0.75"     0.53" 1954
Phoenix Az       Jan. 19 0.87"     0.83" 1917 

Preliminary storm totals from the 16th through the morning of the 21st have ranged as high as 12.96" at Cazadero, elevation 1558' in the North Bay Mountains. Some reports from the San Francisco Bay area include:

 SAN RAFAEL-CIVIC CENTER........... 7.25
SONOMA COUNTY AIRPORT............. 6.39
NAPA COUNTY AIRPORT............... 4.41
RWCC1 REDWOOD CITY................ 4.35
OAKLAND MUSEUM.................... 4.31
SAN FRANCISCO AIRPORT............. 3.81
SFOC1 SAN FRANCISCO DNTOWN........ 3.76
NUQ MOFFETT FIELD AIRPORT......... 3.19
CCR CONCORD AIRPORT............... 3.16
SAN JOSE INTL AIRPORT............. 3.02
NWS MONTEREY...................... 3.11
SALINAS MUNICIPAL ARPT............ 2.24

In southern California, storm totals from the 19th through the morning of the 21st include:

SNOWFALL TOTAL 

MT BALDY AT 7500 FT............... 18-24 INCHES 
LOCKWOOD VALLEY AT 5200 FT........ 24 INCHES 
MT WILSON OBSERVATORY AT 5000 FT.. 6.75 INCHES 
WRIGHTWOOD AT 6000 FT............. 16-18 INCHES 
GRAPEVINE AT 4000 FT.............. 6-7 INCHES 
FRAZIER PK AT 5000 FT............. 12 INCHES  

RAINFALL TOTALS 

.LOS ANGELES COUNTY METROPOLITAN 
AVALON............................ 1.37 
HAWTHORNE (KHHR).................. 1.32 
LOS ANGELES AP (KLAX)............. 1.18 
DOWNTOWN LOS ANGELES.............. 1.35 
LONG BEACH (KLGB)................. 2.64 
SANTA MONICA (KSMO)............... 1.27 
MONTE NIDO FS..................... 1.97 
BIG ROCK MESA..................... 1.23 
BEL AIR HOTEL..................... 1.55 
BALLONA CK @ SAWTELLE............. 1.34 
HOLLYWOOD RSVR.................... 1.54 
L.A. R @ FIRESTONE................ 1.29 
DOMINGUEZ WATER CO................ 1.45 
LA HABRA HEIGHTS.................. 2.29 

.LOS ANGELES COUNTY VALLEYS 
BURBANK (KBUR).................... 1.78 
NEWHALL........................... 2.59 
VAN NUYS (KVNY)................... 2.20 
AGOURA............................ 2.01 
CHATSWORTH RSVR................... 1.95 
SEPULVEDA CYN @ MULHL............. 2.52 
PACOIMA DAM....................... 1.69 
HANSEN DAM........................ 1.80 
SAUGUS............................ 1.51 
DEL VALLE......................... 1.40